One of the Main Causes of Global Warming - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 592 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/03/14 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Global Warming Essay Did you like this example? Fossil fuels give off carbon dioxide when used as a fuel in vehicles, industries, etc. Deforestation to make space for houses and provide wood for furniture and paper products results in an overall reduction in the amount of trees. Plants absorb carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and in their respiration process leaves oxygen, which animals and living organisms need to breathe. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "One of the Main Causes of Global Warming" essay for you Create order Together the effects of increased burning of the fossil fuels while reducing the stock of trees leads to an unbalanced amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which is believed to be one of the main causes of Global warming. Global warming problems are getting worse because of the increase in amounts of carbon dioxide being produced. The excess carbon dioxide continues to diminish the density of the ozone layer, which protects the earth. If the ozone layer is destroyed or a solution to ozone layer reduction is not invented, then the sun is likely to start to burn everything slowly, killing all plants, animal and the existence of every living organism. Scientists believe this can happen over time as the water evaporates quicker than ever before and wild fires would not be as uncommon.   The ozone layer is being destroyed as people use more fossil fuel and kill plants for their own needs. In the process they decrease the ozone layer slowly and scientists don’t know how to fix the problem as yet. As the layer becomes less dense more energy from the sunlight reaches the earth making it hotter. People solution is to buy A/C units to counter the heat but this causes the problem to become worse because the A/C units use a lot of electricity (made mostly by fossil fuels) and it would probably work harder as it gets hotter and may stay on all day to counteract the heat. A/C units also contribute other greenhouse gasses from refrigerant leakage. As the earth gets hotter the demand for A/C units would increase and then places will need A/C units to be liveable.   One major effect of the gradual rise in the average temperature of the earth is the loss of habitats. This temperature rise has caused the melting of ice caps and a rise in the sea level, which covers more of the land. In colder climates for instance, polar bears and walruses have to deal with large areas of water making it more difficult to find land or solid ice to rest and regain energy while hunting. Other creatures that depend on the icy land to live will also eventually die out.   In warmer climates the sea level rise floods shallow land which submerges buildings and makes many areas more difficult to live so people move to higher ground. Coral reefs suffer because they will be lower under water. Coral reefs depend on the algae to live therefore it dies out and all the fish that took refuge in the coral reef will eventually leave.? Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been blamed for the gradual increase in temperature of the earth. The rising temperature has caused melting of ice regions, which has caused the sea level to rise. The rising sea level has submerged more land area causing people to move to higher ground that leads to cutting down more trees to make space for new houses, which makes the problem worse. Many scientists are trying to figure out how to break the cycle before too much damage is done since most of the damage can’t be reversed.

A Situation That Illustrates Deviance That I Have...

A situation that illustrates deviance that I have personally been involved in would be my adoption. I was born in Seoul, South Korea and was adopted because my parents were teenagers and couldn’t afford to keep me. I was adopted into a Middle Class European family and am the oldest child of the family. My sister is also adopted from Korea, but we are not biological. My adoption is deviant in two ways. The first is that my biological parents were teenagers which presents a deviance from the traditional sense of that having children should be had after marriage. In addition, it presents another deviance due to my parents and I being of different races, and break the traditional homogeneity of family structure here in the United States. My†¦show more content†¦This label deters me from deviance because I feel that the family I live with gave me a second chance. I could have been aborted, or kept in Korea and lived in poverty. However, I was given a chance to be successfu l and was adopted into a family that supports me and loves me. I feel that I should take the opportunities that I have to work hard, and to be successful and make my parents proud. Another part of being labeled as adoptee, would be the initial reaction people have towards you in a social situation. For example, in supermarkets or restaurants, the cashiers and waitress give me a strange look, because I look very different from my parents. Since adoption is deviant from the traditional sense of child bearing, it surprises people to see adopted children and their first impression is confusion. I was raised in an Evangelical Christian family, and the ideals of hard work, honesty, and love of neighbors were values intrinsically taught to me as a child and my second label would be â€Å"christian†. By participating in deviant acts, not only would it hurt my parents for working hard, so that I could be successful, but also go against my Christian values. Both of these motivate me t o stay out of deviance and to focus on school and family. The negative sanctions of parental disapproval and disappointment are powerful punishments to also deter me from deviance. The final label I have would be â€Å"citizen†. When I came to America, I had

Moral Dilemma free essay sample

1. What is a moral dilemma? A genuine dilemma is one type of moral problem, captured by the expression â€Å"You’re damned if you do, damned if you don’t.† That is, in a dilemma, there appears to be no right answer or solution (Dreisbach, 2008). Moral dilemmas, at the very least, involve conflicts between moral requirements (McConnell, 2010). 3. The four questions that must be asked to establish if a Dirty Harry Problem exists are: Did the agent know the situation and the choices that it offers? The answer to this question is yes. Dirty Harry had a previous history with Scorpio and knew that Scorpio was capable of being unscrupulous. Therefore, Dirty Harry knew both the situation and the choices that this situation offered. Did Dirty Harry know the difference between right and wrong when he decided to pursue Scorpio by any means necessary? The answer to this question is yes. Dirty Harry is an officer of the law and not only has he studies, but he has also taken an oath to uphold the laws in the Constitution. As an officer, he has undergone training and knows that it is his duty to uphold and not defy the laws of the land he has sworn to protect. As enforcers of law, police have a special duty to obey them (Dreisbach, 2008). Dirty Harry clearly knew the difference between right and wrong. Did Dirty Harry act from free will? The answer to this question is yes. He was able to do otherwise but he chose instead to pursue Scorpio, by any means he deemed necessary. Dirty Harry knew he had plenty of alternatives, but he chose to ignore them. He chose to defy the law he was sworn to uphold and follow and torture Scorpio. Did Dirty Harry intend to act as he did? The answer to this question is yes. Dirty Harry intentionally acted as he did. He was well aware of the alternatives, but instead chose to break into Scorpio’s apartment. Dirty Harry thereafter chose to torture Scorpio, while ignoring Scorpio’s request for an attorney. 4. Explain (please, for full credit, don’t just mention) Klockars’s four assumptions police make about guilt. The Operative Assumption of Guilt which means police have to assume that the person they are working with is guilty in order for him to do his job efficiently, unless he knows otherwise. They are even to assume that the suspects’ behavior is implying guilt regardless of what that behavior is. This guilt the police hold on to does not disappear until he’s taken the appropriate actions to prove or disprove it; sometimes those actions include â€Å"dirty† ones. Worst of all Possible Guilt comes to the conclusion that not only is the assumption of guilt present but the police also believe the suspect is dangerous. This method of thinking is based mainly on the idea that â€Å"once is enough.† That theory is somewhat centered around the fact that even simple, routine stops have escalated to more serious things, so if it happened once it could happen again. The Great Guilty Place Assumption is based on the concept of suspicion. Due to the environment the policemen are exposed to on the regular basis, it’s as if they look at our everyday ways of life and see all the potential of opportunities of crime. This assumption conforms to the idea that people, places, and now even occasions create epistemic problems. The Not Guilty (This Time) Assumption is still centered on the idea that a suspect is guilty; however, they may just be innocent that one time. This is embedded on conscious that sometimes perpetrators get away with things for that moment but ultimately, they are still guilty of some sort of crime, just not at that particular moment. 5. What is the specific moral dilemma that Dirty Harry Problem poses for police officers? (ONE OR TWO SENTENCES ONLY) The specific moral dilemma with the Dirty Harry Problem is trying to decide when the Dirty Means justifies achieving a Morally Good End. It’s never a clear and concise answer. 6. Explain (please, for full credit, don’t just mention) whether and how Inspector Callahan acted as virtuous professional in terms of each of his FOUR professional relationships. Inspector Callahan did not act as a virtuous professional in terms of each of his four professional relationships. The four professional relationships are relationships with the client, the public at large, colleagues, and the profession itself. Those relationships, if acted upon with integrity, determine a virtuous police officer. Based off those ideas, Inspector Callahan acted as if only the little girl was his client. He completely neglected his sworn duty of obedience and trustworthiness to the public at large, who are also his clients. Professional ethics are a balancing act when evaluating relationships and instead of maintaining this balance, Inspector Callahan put the girl’s safety above everything else. He did whatever he could to prove his loyalty to an individual client, the girl. Police and the community benefit from a clear understanding and acceptance of the department’s vision and mission, as long as the police officers live up to those ideals (Dreisbach, 2008). Officer Callahan’s myopic view allowed Scorpio to go free, thus nullifying all of Officer Callahan’s vigilante efforts, placing the public at large back in danger and allowing the girl to die in vain. Inspector Callahan felt obligated to do something to get at Scorpio for shooting his partner. Perhaps, Inspector felt it was his fault for his partner getting shot so; he did what to could to mend that relationship. That probably was the driving force behind catching back to Scorpio. Inspector Callahan could have been thinking, that it could have been him that got shot instead of his partner. Nevertheless, the virtuous professional would not have reacted in such a manner. The virtuous professional would have trusted the legal system, of which he is a part, to enact justice, though it may take a while to obtain. Lastly, Inspector Callahan took an oath when he received his badge and that was to protect and serve; something that all cops must do even if it means losing their lives. That relationship to his profession, or rather being a cop is what determines which side he’s on; the good, law-abiding side or the bad, criminal side like Scorpio. If he were to just sit back and make no efforts in serving and protecting the people, it would be blatant disrespect to that oath, the badge he wears and the uniform he puts on every day. Nonetheless, honoring that badge means honoring the law that it represents. Therefore, Inspector Callahan did not act in a virtuous manner when he blatantly disobeyed all the rules related to his profession. 7. The virtuous police officer puts their professional relationships in proper priority, giving preference to the Constitution’s and the community’s interests over the interests of third parties, their colleagues or themselves (Dreisbach, 2008). The virtuous police officer is also aware of the scope and limits of their rights and the community’s role in helping them exercise those rights and exercises those rights only to the extent that they make the officer a more effective professional (Dreisbach, 2008). Using the aforestated as a guide that aides in the definition of a virtuous professional in terms of seven professional obligations, officer Dirty Harry Callahan, failed to act, maintain and uphold many of his seven professional obligations, and therefore cannot be deemed a virtuous professional. One of the seven professional obligations of a virtuous professional is competence. The competent police officer knows the Constitution and laws as they apply to her professional practice and their jurisdiction ((Dreisbach, 2008). Officer Callahan’s actions were negligent in the following areas of policing: Investigating and interrogating. An officer of the law is to acknowledge a suspects request for an attorney, must follow regulations, statutes, i.e. obtaining a search warrant and must follow codes of conduct. Officer Callahan did not have the right to exact torture on Scorpio to obtain the goal of finding the girl. Officer Callahan therefore failed to uphold his professional obligation of competence. He did not act as a virtuous professional when being evaluated for competency. Officer Callahan was also lacking in diligence, the second professional obligation of the virtuous professional. With diligence, the professional should make a good effort and take care in fulfilling their agreement with the client (Dreisbach, 2008). Officer Callahan’s short sightedness caused him to fail to note that even the suspect that he tortured and denied rights to was one of his clients. This suspect had the positive right to expect to: Not have his place searched illegally, from cruel and unusual punishment and to obtain due process of the law, starting primarily with obtaining an attorney. Officer Callahan also negated his agreement with the community and family that he blindly advocated for in his search for the missing girl, because his lack of diligence allowed Scorpio to go free. Officer Callahan gave into temptations to cut corners and instead opted to get the bad guy at all costs. As such, Officer Callahan did not follow the path of the virtuous professional wh en being evaluated for diligence. The third professional obligation is honesty. There are two views regarding Officer Callahan’s honesty. Officer Callahan knew the situation and the choices that it offered, he knew the difference between right and wrong; he chose to act against all the departmental rules and regulations. He shrugged off his moral responsibility and acted dishonestly (lack of warrant, etc.,) from his own free will. Henceforth, Officer Callahan defaulted on his professional obligation of honesty. Officer Callahan knew the situation and the choices that it offered, he knew the difference between right and wrong, despite choosing to act against departmental rules to save the girl’s life, he reported the incidents truthfully. The case was thrown out of Court, but Officer Callahan maintained his honesty because he did not lie about the way he obtained evidence against Scorpio, upholding his moral responsibility and preserving the integrity of his profession. In this instance, the accumulation of actions resulted in the support of Officer Callahan’s third professional obligation of honesty. The fourth professional obligation is candor. Candor is a matter of revealing everything one believes about the subject (Dreisbach, 2008). Officer Callahan acted as a virtuous professional when it relates to candor. It is possible to be honest without being candid, but it is not possible to be candid without being honest (Dreisbach, 2008). If Officer Callahan neglected to uphold his professional obligation of being candid, many of his actions would have been unknown to the department and Scorpio’s case would remain prosecutable. Officer Callahan’s candor gave the defense the necessary information to move for dismissal of Scorpio’s case. The fifth professional obligation is loyalty. Officer Callahan did not act as a virtuous professional in regards to his professional obligation of loyalty. In policing, the professional promises loyalty to the Constitution and to the community they are serving, all other loyalties are subordinate. Failure to understand this or failure to act on this understanding is a symptom of and may be a cause of police corruption (Dreisbach, 2008). Analyzing a case is a balancing act and Officer Callahan only focused on one side of the pendulum – retrieving the missing girl alive. His loyalty only to that one cause produced a myopic vision of his circumstances and he failed in his professional obligation to be loyal to the rules and regulations that police officers are bound to obey. Police and the community benefit from a clear understanding and acceptance of the department’s vision and mission, as long as the police officers live up to those ideals (Dreisbach, 2008). Officer Call ahan’s failure in his professional obligation of loyalty to the rules and regulations not only caused both the confession and the evidence from the warrantless search to be inadmissible in court, allowing Scorpio to go free, but damaged the integrity of the department and also injured the family and community that he is sworn to dutifully serve. The sixth professional obligation is discretion. For a police officer, discretion refers primarily to the ability to make professional choices on one’s own, without having to run every decision by a superior (Dreisbach, 2008). Officer Callahan failed in acting as a virtuous professional in regards to discretion because he knowingly and willfully made choices that are antagonistic to any that his superiors, the Constitution, or any body of law would dictate. Fearing for the death of the girl, he acted with abject disregard to any rules. Although we have the innate right to do anything we can to preserve a life, exercising that right without restraint will keep us in a state of war from which fear of death drives us (Dreisbach, 2008). Since living in a state of war is counterintuitive to the goal of discretion, Officer Callahan’s actions were in direct contradiction of the goals one would want to achieve when performing the professional obligation of discretion. The seventh professional obligation is beneficence/nonmaleficence. Below are several views regarding Officer Callahan’s actions: Officer Callahan acted with beneficence towards the family and the girl, because he did everything he could to get her back alive. He had a desire to do some good for the both of them. He therefore acted as a virtuous professional. Officer Callahan, acting as a virtuous professional, feared for the safety of the community and wanted to get Scorpio off the streets. He therefore acted with beneficence/nonmaleficence. Due to the unsuccessful attempts to arrest Scorpio for the two previous deaths, Officer Callahan became personally invested in arresting Scorpio and acted with blind passion and desire. Officer Callahan was only truly interested in stopping Scorpio. The girl was a byproduct of his obsession. In this scenario, Officer Callahan is guilty of maleficence and is not a virtuous professional. At the very least, the professional should try not to harm the client (Dreisbach, 2008). Officer Callahan denied Scorpio his rights and tortured him to get a confession. Therefore, Officer Callahan is guilty of maleficence.

John and Elizabeth Proctor Essay Example

John and Elizabeth Proctor Paper Arthur Millers dramatisation, The Crucible gives us his interpretation of the true events, which took place within a small community in a 17th Century America, which at the time was largely inhabited by Puritans. The play focuses mainly on two Puritans called Elizabeth and John Proctor. John Proctor is a well-respected farmer of his mid-thirties. Miller describes him as a kind man of powerful body. He runs by his own set of morals and therefore is not easily led. He is introduced by a large piece of prose that is precisely set out so that the actor knows exactly how Miller wants the actor who plays John Proctor to act, when he comes on stage. For instance, Miller asks the actor of John Proctor to act with a hidden force. The description is especially acute as he is the main character. However, Miller also introduces some of the other characters in the same way. This may have been because Miller intended it to be read as a book as well as a play. Proctors power, respect and sometimes fear among the people of Salem is evident instantaneously. We will write a custom essay sample on John and Elizabeth Proctor specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on John and Elizabeth Proctor specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on John and Elizabeth Proctor specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As he enters, the first thing he says to Mary Warren is Ill show you a great doing on your arse one of these days subsequently Mary walks out trying to retain a shred of dignity. As well as this the stage directions for the rest of the girls show their excitement at his presence. For instance, directly after Marys exit Mercy also walks out, both afraid of him and strangely titillated. The rest of the girls react in a similar way as her stage directions show her nervousness for example, with a nervous laugh , wide-eyed and absorbing his presence. This shows the sexual charisma of Proctor. We soon find out that Proctors sin is lechery, as he had a sexual relationship with his former servant Abigail Williams. The audience learns this when Abby says,John I am a waitin for you every night. Until then Miller, had shown the audience mostly that Proctor was an upright and respected member of society. However, when it is just Proctor and Abigail alone we see the side of him that is drawn into flirtation with Abby. This is shown through the dialogue, for example the repeated use of the words wicked and mischief which work to show this aspect of Johns character to the audience . As well as this, Proctors dialogue and stage directions are suggestive. A good illustration of this is his smile widening and ah youre wicked yet arent y. Miller skilfully creates an atmosphere in which we see Proctor having pressure piled onto him by Abigail. The reader and audience can see this clearly as the words to do with pressure are repeated. For instance, I have a sense for heat, John and burning in your loneliness. Its clearly evident that Abbys words have some truth as she manages to put so much pressure on him that he eventually admits he thinks of [her] softly from time to time. The two sides to John Proctor are clearly shown. Abigail does well to put John under pressure until she mentions Elizabeth, at which point John recoils and angered-at himself he says, youll speak nothin of Elizabeth. Johns battle with desire is also shown earlier on, in the words burning in your loneliness. The tension that is built up is shortly released from Proctor, when he ends up shaking Abigail. Had Abby not mentioned Elizabeth the tension may have been released in a way that fitted with Abbys flirtatious intentions. However, the minute Elizabeths name is mentioned, this is like a catalyst, bringing John to his senses and begins to show us the battle that is taking place within John. Elizabeth never actually appears in act one instead she is somewhat mentioned by Abigail. She is described as a sickly wife and a cold and snivelling woman.

Importance of Academic Deadline Essay Sample

Importance of Academic Deadline Essay Sample Importance of Academic Deadline Education Essay Importance of Academic Deadline Education Essay Many people think that meeting deadline is important, but others especially those who have problems with handling assignments on time do not agree. That is why let me introduce the advantages and disadvantages of doing work on time. I decided to provide my thoughts in a bit philosophic way, but still it is worth discussing. As for me, the only negative thing of late passing is an additional time for improving the assignment. Why it is Important to Turn in Assignments on Time Essay On the other hand, students who submit their assignments on time develop their personality and such important traits as sense of accomplishment and responsibility, of appreciation and respect. Furthermore, he/she becomes disciplined and punctual as well as learns how to achieve their goals. In addition to this, missing the deadline could lead to bad consequences, such as bad marks and additional tasks. Developing these skills is important for police officers because it is an undeniable fact that they should be responsible, respectful, punctual and be able to achieve their goals. Thereby now, I would like to talk about every advantage in detail. Let me start with such an important thing as punctuality. The first thing that needs to be said is â€Å"do not leave for tomorrow what you can do today†. Eternal postponing until later, tomorrow, day after tomorrow, etc. is a completely wrong approach to work. Furthermore, then when the time comes â€Å"for later† is already too late In addition, for the same reason a student may reinforce in memory the name of his/her course paper, which was given to him/her six months ago. Now he/she definitely has no time to write it, since he/she has always distracted to other â€Å"more serious† business. Moreover, during the last week before the due time he/she has some kind of a survival instinct that he/she miraculously manage to write 100 pages. Fortunately, our consciousness really starts to work as we grow up. We already start to realize that the best thing is to do everything in time. After all, we learn to be responsible and we realize that order in everything is very important. A number of key issues arise from the statement, for instance, punctuality or doing all on time. Delays or hindrance at work is a sign of an unreliable person. The principle of doing everything on time applies to all tasks. However, it is said that punctuality is the politeness of kings. I would say â€Å"Punctuality is politeness.† I believe that punctuality depends on a personal organization of a person. I think the main reason of being not punctual is that we always find some justification like â€Å"peel on the road†. If we repeatedly justify being late, and others say the true reason for being late, then eventually a desire not to be late will disappear. The main thing is that it is the most punctual people who are irritated because others cause delays. Every person usually thinks that he/she is punctual and we publicly declare that we are well-organized people. We are okay well almost whether it is all good, as soon as the session, project, repair are finished. Charming, witty, gallant, well It will not help if a young person is not punctual as well irresponsible and not keeping promises. Namely, he allows himself to be one hour late for a meeting, or to handle some work after the deadline. First, we allow ourselves to be late at school, then at work. Moreover, the reason for being late is not because the alarm broke, or the bus did not arrive on schedule, it is just because we just decided to lie in bed extra 20 minutes or changed twice in the morning. All managers consider as necessary to adhere to the stated schedule and plans. Punctuality in life is very important Punctual employees are respected, trusted with important things, set as an example and awarded with bonuses or financial rewards. Punctual intelligent leaders create an image not only of their business but also of a serious, rigorous, reliable, fair and confident person. Such an individual is trusted with not only personal secrets, but also business. Punctual workers are rarely fired. Discipline is paramount for police officers in order to ensure reliable public order and inviolability of citizens` rights. Life requires a person to be disciplined and perform clearly. School discipline is adherence to the rules of conduct by students at school and beyond, clear and organized performance of their duties, etc. Students need to understand that it is important to be disciplined and perform the accepted norms and rules at school and in public places. Conscious discipline is based on the conscious performance of social principles and behavior; it is based on the formation of the following features: Discipline desire and ability of individuals to control their behavior according to social norms and regulations; Moral awareness awareness of the need to follow individual and social moral norms; Responsibility quality of an individual, which is characterized by desire and ability to evaluate their behavior in terms of its appropriateness or harm to society, comparing their actions with the requirements, standards and laws present in the society. When teaching students of proper behavior at school and beyond it is important to monitor their behavior taking into consideration handling of the assignments on time, and to take appropriate actions against those who systematically miss the deadline without an important reason. Some schools have special magazines where students` misbehavior and educational measures applied to them are recorded. It helps teachers to timely analyze students` discipline, outline and take steps to improve it, to find out more about the living conditions of the students, get more acquainted with their families, to delve deeper into the inner world of individual students to identify weaknesses of educational work of the school and improve it. When handling assignments on time, we become more disciplined. Furthermore, this trait is one of the most essential for a police officer. The key to success is a good discipline. Discipline is one of the most important conditions that need to be followed by any team member in a company of any category; discipline can create the highest possible standards and conditions of the work performed. Discipline is a quite versatile category. It includes both punctuality and responsibility. Punctuality itself may be different. When it comes to punctuality of employees, they must be present at work in accordance with their contract of employment. Discipline represents a particular moral quality: it is a conscious subordination of a person`s conduct to certain rules and morals. Conscious discipline is seen when a student assumes responsibilities, follows rules and maintains order without constraint. At the same time discipline is a complete, complex and contradictory quality of an individual; it depends on the formation of ideology, belief, determination, will, initiative and independence. Individual and collective efforts of students create this quality. Students usually gain this quality through hard work, initiative, responsibility, perseverance and activity. Of great importance is self-discipline when a student consciously struggles with laziness. One of the components of the mo ral character of students is self-regulatory activities aimed at improving their personality. In addition, students are usually taught such moral qualities as honesty, openness and so on. For students of a police academy, performance, organization and discipline are very important. Discipline is manifested not only in meeting the requirements not to be late, not to miss classes, etc., but also in the performance of tasks, timely implementation and delivery of work, etc. The next moral issue, which we are taught when meeting deadlines, is responsibility. What is responsibility? It is an ability of a particular person or a group of people to assume obligations. Responsibility is an ability in any, even the most difficult situations, to make everything dependent on us, and not place our problems on others. What is responsibility? It is willingness to do what is necessary, taking the initiative. Responsibility is a personal volition. Therefore, responsibility is: An ability to realize the fact that success, quality of living conditions and personal fulfillment is only in our hands; Readiness for fulfillment of obligations and promises; An ability to understand the consequences of an individual`s decisions and actions. Responsibility provides a person with certain advantages that are: Self -reliance and confidence; Formation of self-respect and respect for other people; Self-control; Rational assessment of other people`s behavior. That is why when a person hands an assignment on time he/she is considered as a responsible person who is ready to answer for his/her actions. It is important to work hard in order to meet a deadline and develop a sense of appreciation. Everybody has a need for recognition. It can be achieved through achievements, confidence or demonstration of a person`s experience in a particular field of study. Recognition can be achieved through development and good reputation, assertiveness and gain of a higher status. All people feel the need for respect, which is awareness of personal achievement, competence and recognition. They need a sense of the value. In addition, they need respect, based on their achievements while competing with others. All these needs are closely related to the notion of status, which means weight or importance of the person in the eyes of others. An ability to meet such needs can serve as a powerful motivating factor at work. People require recognition and affirmation. These needs reflect the desire of people to be confident, competent and respected. People with strong needs tend to leadership, recognition of authority in the team. When managing such people various forms of recognition apart from moral encouragement must be used. When the need for self-esteem is met, it leads to a feeling of self-confidence, dignity, and a sense of power. Failure to meet these needs could result in developing a sense of inferiority, weakness and helplessness. Another thing that we learn when handing home assignments on time is the ability to meet our targets. Jim Rohn, famous American businessperson, once said, â€Å"I will climb this mountain. They say it is too high, too unavailable, too steep, too rocky and too difficult to climb. But it is my mountain. I am able to conquer it. Soon you will see how I shake the hand on the top of it, or die on the outskirts of it.† The same is with our assignments; at the beginning, we suppose that this task is too hard to perform, but when we set the target of tackling all problems, the result may impress even ourselves. Definition of personal goals is something like a hammer, allowing us to break old patterns of thinking. We can find the truth about ourselves. Just discovering our personality, we can discover our talents and identify personal goals. The basis of any activity is based on an objective. Purpose is a line of a person’s action that reveals the nature and structure of the individual. The process of setting goals is based on an analysis of the preconditions for its implementation called goal formation. When a person sets the goals him/herself, this indicates that this person is at a higher level of development as compared to a person who is trying to achieve a goal set by other people. If person has aims, he/she tends to work hard to achieve these aims. It is much harder than in the case when a goal (task) is set by other people: A clear statement of purpose activities (what to do, what to study, what to learn) Awareness of the activities (which is necessary) Definition of means needed to achieve the goal Analysis of difficulties faced when achieving the goal and means of overcoming them. Moreover, after accomplishing a task on time, we wake up a feeling of accomplishment and we can respire and start doing other things. Understanding of the moral duty is always associated with a voluntary action. Duty could be performed out of fear or for the sake of reward, and the educational duties contain both of those reasons. The formation of a sense of duty, an understanding of its reasons allows us to do well and according to our conscience, not only according to the requirements of a teacher. Every human action, because of the chosen solution, somehow violates the interests of others as well as society. Because a moral choice of an individual becomes a certain value to other people, it always puts the responsibility on the individual. This responsibility can be conditionally divided into internal and external. Internal accountability is an attribute of moral categories such as conscience; it expresses an ability of individuals to realize the consequences of their actions. External accountability is expressed in the form of sanctions against an individual`s actions. Responsibility means an ability to understand the needs of others. Responsibility means an ability to control personal behavior and to avoid irrational decisions. Being responsible means taking care of all the consequences of one`s actions. Responsible behavior opposes irresponsible one. Responsible action is the one that occurs without consequences for anybody. Irresponsibility is always associated with indifference and thoughtlessness or excessive self-confidence. First, irresponsibility means trying to shift the consequences of one`s actions on others. Nevertheless, I want to talk about external responsibility and punishments for not handing assignments on time. Nowadays, the question of the use of encouragement and unusual punishment is very important. Most teachers use them as dominant, without taking into consideration that nowadays there are a lot of different methods and techniques. Nevertheless, despite such popularity of such methods as encouragement and unusual punishment, teachers use these techniques without thinking whether they are effective in pedagogical terms. Stimulation methods and techniques are aimed at encouraging students to improve their behavior. Direct and immediate purpose of such incentives is to speed up or slow down certain actions. Encouragement reinforces positive habits and increases responsibility. It is all about the above-mentioned appreciation of work, and if we submit a paper after the deadline, we will not get any encouragement but only punishment. Penalty is a method of influence that is used to prevent unwanted actions, stop negative manifestations of an individual with the help of a negative assessment of his/her actions, generation of guilt and shame etc. However, many outstanding teachers support the idea that â€Å"real† education should be without punishments and rewards; this is a kind of a perfect relations between teachers and students. Let`s consider the most common form of punishment, which is teacher`s comments. Another form of punishment is a reprimand. It is a moral condemnation of a student`s acts. It is usually used when a student misses the deadline on a regular basis. Expulsion as a form of penalty is the most rigid one, but its usefulness, to say the least, is questionable. It should be done only if it will have a real educational effect. However, the most widely spread method of punishment is bad marks. That is why it is important to submit homework on time in order to avoid such devastating effects. Nowadays everybody faces a particular type of deadline. In order to avoid such a situation and not to think constantly that the deadline is approaching, there are a few little tricks. Voice the deadlines to other people Avoid vague promises like â€Å"soon† or â€Å"I will do it tomorrow†. â€Å"Soon†- is a rather vague concept. That is why, set specific dates and let other people interested in the fact of keeping the promise know about such dates (e.g., colleagues or other students). A phrase such as â€Å"This assignment will be handed at 4 pm on Thursday† is much more efficient. The fact is that people, who are perfectly conscious of the need to do important things, ignore them and are constantly distracted by everyday trivia and entertainment. Do the important things first We should start doing the most important work instead of the most current or most difficult. Some things seem urgent, for example, phone calls, or responding to a new email. Repeat, â€Å"Do it now†. In education, the most important is to start. Try to repeat the phrase â€Å"Do it now† aloud when no one is around. Procrastination is a kind of defense mechanism; it is a method of dealing with anxiety associated with a beginning or end of something. Create your own reward system We say to ourselves: â€Å"Yes, yes, Ill start, but first I drink a cup of tea†. Teatime gradually flows into watching daytime programs as we work at home or reading the news on the Internet and social networking. Then we come back from the virtual reality and do not know time elapsed so quickly. We should try the following method: Assign yourself with a reward in the form of tea or cookies for an accomplished work (for example, writing of a 500-word report). Use modern technologies to block the Internet Many people complain, â€Å"I get 500 emails a day.† If we get 500 emails a day, we just have to put filters and turn off the alert when new emails are coming. Imagine that these letters are real people who continually come to us and interrupt our work how would we react? We can also download free applications that block access to certain sites at certain times. Using them, we can make sure that entertainment sites and social networks are impossible to access between 10am and 6pm (unless our system administrator has permitted the access). Organize your spare time Start planning a weekend in the middle of a week. Many people think it is terribly boring, but they are wrong. Some people rarely get to their favorite restaurant on Saturday night only because all tables are booked in advance. Avoid those who steal our time Stay away from those people who are â€Å"eaters of time†. If we cannot avoid communication with them, a behavioral strategy will help us to bring the conversation to a minimum. Meeting with friends, who start a conversation with the words, â€Å"would never guess what happened to me last night† is the last thing we need when we need to finish a presentation as soon as possible. Instead of being â€Å"bogged down† in the verbal mud, say, â€Å"I really appreciate that you want to share this information with me. But can you do it later, after I finish my presentation?† If we think over what to say and how to say it in advance, it is unlikely that the other person will consider it rude. Overall, I think that meeting deadlines may have only positive results. It is quite important for us as future police officers to be responsible, punctual and disciplined professionals. In addition to this, meeting deadlines would prevent us from such punishments as low marks and even expulsion. That is why we should learn and do our best not to postpone performance of a task in order to hand in our papers on time.

How to Find the Volume in a Test Tube

How to Find the Volume in a Test Tube Finding the volume of a test tube or NMR tube is a common chemistry calculation, both in the lab for practical reasons and in the classroom to learn how to convert units and report significant figures. Here are three ways to find the volume. Calculate Density Using Volume of a Cylinder A typical test tube has a rounded bottom, but NMR tubes and certain other test tubes have a flat bottom, so the volume contained in them is a cylinder. You can get a reasonably accurate measure of volume by measuring the internal diameter of the tube and the height of the liquid. The best way to measure the diameter of a test tube is to measure the widest distance between the inside glass or plastic surfaces. If you measure all the way from edge to edge, youll include the test tube itself in your measurements, which isnt correct.Measure the volume of the sample from where it starts at the bottom of the tube to the base of the meniscus (for liquids) or the top layer of the sample. Dont measure the test tube from the bottom of the base to where it ends. Use the formula for the volume of a cylinder to perform the calculation: V Ï€r2h where V is volume, Ï€ is pi (about 3.14 or 3.14159), r is the radius of the cylinder and h is the height of the sample The diameter (which you measured) is twice the radius (or radius is one-half diameter), so the equation may be rewritten: V Ï€(1/2 d)2h where d is diameter Example Volume Calculation Lets say you measure an NMR tube and find the diameter to be 18.1 mm and height to be 3.24 cm. Calculate the volume. Report your answer to the nearest 0.1 ml. First, youll want to convert the units so theyre the same. Please use cm as your units, because a cubic centimeter is a milliliter! This will save you trouble when it comes time to report your volume. There are 10 mm in 1 cm, so to convert 18.1 mm into cm: diameter (18.1 mm) x (1 cm/10 mm) [note how the mm cancels out]diameter 1.81 cm Now, plug in the values into the volume equation: V Ï€(1/2 d)2hV (3.14)(1.81 cm/ 2)2(3.12 cm)V 8.024 cm3 [from the calculator] Because there is 1 ml in 1 cubic centimeter: V 8.024 ml But, this is unrealistic precision, given your measurements. If you report the value to the nearest 0.1 ml, the answer is: V 8.0 ml Find the Volume of a Test Tube Using Density If you know the composition of the contents of the test tube, you can look up its density to find the volume. Remember, density equal mass per unit volume. Get the mass of the empty test tube. Get the mass of the test tube plus the sample. The mass of the sample is: mass (mass of filled test tube) – (mass of empty test tube) Now, use the density of the sample to find its volume. Make sure the units of density are the same as those of the mass and volume you want to report. You may need to convert units. density (mass of sample) / (volume of sample) Rearranging the equation: Volume Density x Mass Expect error in this calculation from your mass measurements and from any difference between the reported density and the actual density. This usually happens if your sample isnt pure or the temperature is different from the one used for the density measurement. Finding the Volume of a Test Tube Using a Graduated Cylinder Notice a normal test tube has a rounded bottom. This means using the formula for the  volume of a cylinder will produce an error in your calculation. Also, its tricky trying to measure the internal diameter of the tube. The best way to find the volume of the test tube is to transfer the liquid to a clean graduated cylinder to take a reading. Note there will be some error in this measurement, too. A small volume of liquid may be left behind in the test tube during transfer to the graduated cylinder. Almost certainly, some of the sample will remain in the graduated cylinder when you transfer it back to the test tube. Take this into account. Combining Formulas to Get Volume Yet another method to get the volume of a rounded test tube is to combine the volume of a cylinder with half the volume of the sphere (the hemisphere that is the rounded bottom). Be aware that the thickness of the glass at the bottom of the tube may be different from that of the walls, so there is an inherent error in this calculation.

Strategic Management Accounting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic Management Accounting - Research Paper Example Variance analysis helps to determine variation from standards and in turn enhances productivity (Thukkaram, 2007). Any standard setting is a double edged sword, which has its plus points but is not free from certain drawbacks. The paper is an analysis of traditional and modern methods of costing and also, lays down an explanation for each one of these methods, besides recognising the importance of each one in specific industries. The prime objective of the paper is to understand the different methods of costing and analyse and establish the method of costing which is indispensable as per the kind of organizational setting and organizational needs in context. The study was aimed at analysis of various cost measures and their individual suitability to different organizational needs. The scope to fully gauge the benefits of using each one of them was unavailable. Real life case analysis was also not possible for establishment of research findings. Marginal costing can be referred to as a variation of flexible standard costing that helps to distinguish between the fixed costs and variable costs, which depend on per unit of output produced. Marginal costing is helpful in monitoring costs based on resources that drive it. These resources help in segregating costs into fixed and variable elements. Any cost fluctuations observed as a result of operational changes can be accurately predicted and checked with the use of marginal costing. Marginal costing is one method of costing for inventory where all the different variables of manufacturing costs are included as inventory costs. Such costs are incurred and become a part of the cost of goods sold when the product gets sold, while other elements of cost, which is the fixed cost, is taken to be costs for the period within which it is incurred (Kaplan Financial Knowledge Bank, n.d.). Marginal costing tries to capture the behavioural aspects of cost calculation, rather than functional traits of cost. The